Allergic conjunctivitis

Allergic conjunctivitis is a reaction of the conjunctiva to substances such as pollen, dust mites, animal hair or moulds. It is not contagious. It may occur only at certain times of year, especially spring, or all year round, and often goes with hay fever, asthma or atopic dermatitis.

FROM ALLERGEN TO REACTION

Why the eye reacts

On contact with the allergen, the conjunctiva releases histamine: itching, redness and swelling.

1

Allergens

Pollen, dust mites, animal hair and moulds are the most common.

2

Allergic reaction

Itching, red eye, watering and swollen eyelids, in both eyes.

What symptoms does it cause?

• Itching in both eyes, often intense.
• Red eyes, watering and a watery or stringy discharge.
• Swollen eyelids, especially in the morning.

What you can do

• Do not rub your eyes: it worsens inflammation and, in the long term, can contribute to keratoconus.
• Apply cold compresses and chilled artificial tears, which wash allergens off the eye surface.
• In pollen season, wear sunglasses, keep windows closed at peak times and wash your face and hair when you get home.
• With dust-mite allergy, wash bedding at high temperature and reduce rugs and soft toys in the bedroom.

Treatment

Anti-allergy eye drops, with combined antihistamine and stabilising action, relieve itching within minutes and can be used throughout the allergy season. Anti-allergy tablets help when there are also nasal symptoms. Corticosteroid drops are kept for severe flare-ups and should only be used on the advice and under the supervision of an ophthalmologist, as they can raise eye pressure and promote cataract. Severe forms in children and young people may need specific treatment.

Seek assessment if there is pain, marked light sensitivity, reduced vision or if symptoms affect only one eye: these may indicate another cause.

This information does not replace an individual medical assessment. Follow the advice of the team looking after you.