Strabismus (squint)

Each eye is moved by six muscles that work together so that both eyes look at the same point. In strabismus, this alignment fails. It may be constant or appear only at times, for example when tired or looking into the distance.

TYPES OF TURN

Which way the eye turns

The fixing eye is straight; the other one turns.

1

Inwards (esotropia)

The most common in children, often linked to long-sightedness.

2

Outwards (exotropia)

It may appear only at times, when looking into the distance or when tired.

3

Vertical

One eye sits higher or lower; it may cause a head tilt.

In children

In the first months of life, an occasional turn can be normal. A constant turn, or one that persists after 4 to 6 months, should be assessed. The cause is often long-sightedness, and glasses straighten the eyes. Without treatment, the turned eye may develop amblyopia.

In adults

Strabismus may date from childhood or appear for the first time. A recent squint with double vision can result from problems with the nerves controlling the eye muscles, thyroid disease, diabetes or other conditions, and should be assessed promptly. Sudden double vision with a severe headache or other neurological symptoms is an emergency.

How is it treated?

• Glasses, which can correct the turn when it depends on the prescription.
• Treatment of amblyopia, by patching the good eye.
• Prisms in glasses, for some adults with double vision.
• Eye muscle surgery, adjusting their position or tension to align the eyes. It can be done at any age.

Strabismus surgery is not only cosmetic: it can improve binocular vision, the field of vision and head posture, as well as self-esteem.

This information does not replace an individual medical assessment. Follow the advice of the team looking after you.